Monday, December 30, 2019
Youth Fitness And Growth - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 575 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Sports Essay Level High school Topics: Fitness Essay Did you like this example? What can youth gain by developing metabolic fitness at a young age? Metabolic fitness is defined as the ability to provide enough energy to the muscles in a specific type of exercise. A young person stands to gain a lot by developing metabolic fitness early. First, developing metabolic fitness at an early stage will give the child a chance to enjoy the process of training by developing self-discipline. Donââ¬â¢t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Youth Fitness And Growth" essay for you Create order Children who attain higher levels of performance tend to develop this attitude at a younger age. Secondly, training at an early age will hinder the formation of fat cells, which can lead to obesity. Physically active children often demonstrate lower rates of obesity than sedentary children do. Thirdly, in children, metabolic energy fuels growth and tissue development. Therefore, active children tend to mature faster than those who do not participate in physical activity. Active children will often grow into strong adults prepared for life. Another advantage of metabolic fitness is that it regulates body water balance, transmits nerve signals, and fuels though processes. Physical activity goes hand in hand with brain development. While brains can continuously grow, this relationship is quite critical at an early stage. Greater rates of physical activity in children have been associated with higher grades in reading and math. Adequate brain development allows children to try new types of activity that can enable them to discover their talent. Finally, active children are more likely to become active adults. Research shows that obese adults must have been overweight children. Since the young body is still growing, being active will set a stage for a healthy lifestyle in adulthood. What physical changes occur during puberty and adolescence? How do these changes affect physical performance in boys? How do these changes affect physical performance in girls? Adolescence is a critical stage in the development of human beings. Several physical changes occur in both girls and boys to transition them into adulthood. Females always attain puberty earlier than their male counterparts do. The growth spurt depends on the childs maturation level. For instance, boys will experience a growth spurt whereby they grow taller and the chest and shoulders will get broader. Their weight will also go up as they develop more muscle mass due to the production of testosterone. However, other parts might grow faster than the limbs and torso and this might leave them looking. On the other hand, girls will get taller with small limbs and torso, which leaves them unbalanced for a while. Breasts will grow and the body shape will change e.g. the widening of the hips. The menstruation cycle will begin and this might cause some side effects on the girls mood. The physical changes do affect physical performance in both boys and girls either positively or negatively. First, both genders struggle with body balance due to the slow growth of the limbs and torso. As for boys, adolescence allows them to make large improvements in all areas of physical performance. The presence of more muscles and more rapid skeletal development increases their endurance during exercise. As for girls, early maturation can give them an advantage earlier in adolescence to outperform the boys. However, adolescence tends to make girls level off in most areas. In addition, the physical changes in girls such as menarche can affect their self-image making them withdraw from athletic performance. The lower rate of muscle growth in girls makes it hard for them to endure strenuous exercises.
Sunday, December 22, 2019
The Soviet Union Of The Cold War - 1745 Words
During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers engaged in caused high tension between the two. During World War 2, the U.S developed the world s first nuclear weapon, the atomic bomb which was a destructive explosive capable of wiping cities. The destruction can be seen from the result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki leaving over hundreds of thousands dead. It wasnââ¬â¢t until years later that the Soviet Union would start developing nuclear warheads as well. Engaging in small proxy wars was a better alternative to direct combat between the Soviet Union and United States because it prevented the risk of a nuclear war between the United States and Russia as well as preventing World War 3 from happenin g because of the treaties made by the two countries. An example of destruction caused by nuclear weapons was in 1945 during World War 2, when the United States used two atomic bombs on Japan in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the results of the bombing was destructive, as can be seen in the document given by the EnvironmentalShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Union was spreading communism and the United States didnââ¬â¢t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among warââ¬â¢s to be not a war between states, bu t a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United Stateââ¬â¢s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didnââ¬â¢t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influenced capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and S ALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words à |à 4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words à |à 4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a ââ¬Å"Long Telegramâ⬠, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Cold Warââ¬â¢s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words à |à 6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germanyââ¬â¢s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the worldââ¬â¢s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words à |à 6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponentsââ¬â¢ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The Cold War1038 Words à |à 5 PagesAfter a series of events during the time of World War II, tensions between the United States and the Communists such as the Soviet Union and China, developed into a military and political conflict such as the Cold War. During the Cold War, which went on for 50 years, the Soviet Union and the United States competed to expand their economical and political influence. Although, the United States military has increased in size and itââ¬â¢s strategy. The United States power today is highly supreme when it
Saturday, December 14, 2019
Oedipus the King A Theme Analysis Free Essays
string(59) " to despise prophecy and feel almost superior to the gods\." Oedipus the King is one of the group of three plays by Sophocles known as the Theban plays since they all relate to the destinies of the Theban family of the Oedipus and his children.à The other two plays of this group are Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. Oedipus the King relates the story of Oedipus who reached Thebes, having killed on the way an old man with whom he picked a quarrel. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the King: A Theme Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The city of Thebes was then suffering terribly because of the monster, the Sphinx. He solved her riddle and citizens of Thebes offered him the kingdom as city is afflicted with the loss of their king, who had been murdered while on a pilgrimage. So he assumed the power and married the widowed queen. Here the tragedy of Oedipus takes its final course. As city was afflicted with famine, so Delphic oracles were consulted who disclosed that troubles of the city arose from the fact that it is harboring an unclean person, the murderer of late king Laius. Oedipus resolved to get to the bottom of this mystery and punish the wrongdoer. However, he ultimately discovered that the culprit he was seeking was none other than he himself. He blinded himself and went on exile. There are various standpoints for looking at the theme of the play. It may be considered as a play enacting the theme of insecurity and illusoriness of human happiness. Or the theme may be that of the inadequacy of human intelligence in resolving the riddles of destiny. The identification of themes in Oedipus differs from reader to reader and from critic to critic. I think that Sophocles wanted to convey that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy due to his own human failings.à It was something[1] in his character that brought his tragedy. Anything foreign to his own character only augmented the tragic proceedings but it was only his own disposition that made him a prey to disgrace. Dodds is of the view, ââ¬Å"If Oedipus is the innocent victim of a doom which he cannot avoid, does this not reduce him to a mere flaw puppet?â⬠Whereas Knox (1984) is of the view that Oedipusââ¬â¢ tragedy takes place due to tragic flaw[s] and fate as no part to play in Oedious Rex. Distinguished Professor Butcher has identified four possible ranges of human failings in Oedipus. The foremost of these connotations is an error due to unavoidable ignorance of circumstances whereas an error caused by unawareness of conditions that might have been identified and for that reason to some extent morally blameworthy The third range is ââ¬Å"A fault or error where the act is conscious and intentional, but not deliberate. Such acts are committed in anger or passion.â⬠(313) Where as fourth one is ââ¬Å"A fault of character distinct, on the one hand, from an isolated error, and, on the other, from the vice which has its seat in the depraved willâ⬠¦a flaw of character that is not tainted with a vicious purpose.â⬠(315) The crucial point is that whether Sophocles wants us to think that Oedipus has basically unsound character. One way of deciding this question is to examine what other characters in the play say about Oedipus. The only result that we can arrive at in this way is that Sophocles intends us to consider Oedipus an essentially noble person. In the opening scene of the play, the priest of Zeus refers to him as the greatest and noblest of men and the divinely inspired savior who saved Thebes from being destroyed by the Sphinx. The Chorus also considers him to be noble and virtuous. They refuse to believe in Tireseas accusations of him. When catastrophe befalls Oedipus, not a single character in the play justifies it as a doom which has deservedly overtaken Oedipus. (Dodds, p.39) So there were certain other tragic flaws that were acting behind the curtain to bring about Oedipus tragedy. Let us examine those. Oedipus seems to be obsessed with his own intelligence and this leads him to very unfortunate and uncomfortable situations. This human weakness[2] of Oedipus laps over with his pride as he is extremely proud of the fact that he was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx which had proved too much for any other person. He thinks that Gods has capacitated him with intelligence and wisdom to solve riddle that the Thebes is afflicted with. Oedipus even taunts Tireseas on his inability in solving the Sphinxââ¬â¢s riddle. He says; And where were you, when the Dog-faced Witch was here? Have you any word of deliverance then for our people? There was a riddle too deep for common wits; A seer should have answered it, but answer there came none From youâ⬠¦..à à (12-16) After calling the soothsayer false prophet, Oedipus boasts of his own skill in having solved the puzzled which proved too much for the blind seer; Until I cameââ¬âI, ignorant Oedipus, cameââ¬â And stopped the riddlerââ¬â¢s mouth, guessing he truth By mother-wit, not bird-lore.à à (17-19) So he describes Tireseas predictive cautions as the whims of a fanatic and opposes the seerââ¬â¢s prophecy with arguments of his own. Self-confidence and pride in his own wisdom is an outstanding feature of his character that also brings his tragedy. Here Oedipus also fulfills the traits of Aristotelian tragic hero as he possesses a noble tragic flaw. The man who sets out on his new task by sending first for the venerable seer is not lacking in pious reverence; but we also observe that Oedipus manifests unrestrained arrogance in his own intellectual achievement. No seer found the solution, this is Oedipus boast; no bird, no god revealed it to him, he ââ¬Å"the utterly ignorantâ⬠had to come on his own and hit the mark by his own wit. This is a justified pride but it amounts too much. This pride and self-confidence induce Oedipus to despise prophecy and feel almost superior to the gods. You read "Oedipus the King: A Theme Analysis" in category "Essay examples" He tell the peo ple who pray for deliverance from pathos and miseries they are afflicted with if they listen to and follow his advice in order to get a remedy. Lastly his unrelenting pursuit of the truth is demonstrated when he believes he is the murderer and that Polybus was not his father, yet he continues with his search with the statement, ââ¬Å"I must pursue this trail to the end,â⬠(p.55).à These characteristics were only fuel to the fire and added to the pride created a blaze that consumed him. Bernard Knox eulogizes Oedipusââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"dedication to truth, whatever the costâ⬠(p.117) Another characteristics of his character that contributes toward his tragedy is Oedipusââ¬â¢ longing for thoroughness. His inquisitive nature is not content with anything which is either half-hearted or incomplete. Nor can he brook any delay. He damns that the direction of the oracle should be given effect at once. As before, Oedipus speaks on the basis of the workings of his own mental faculties that has been tested time and again and have proved their intelligence. It can be said that the tragedy of Oedipus is the result more of his good qualities than his bad ones. It is his love for Thebes which makes him send Creon to Delphi to consult the Oracles. It is the same care for his subjects who make him proclaim a ban and a curse on the murderer of Laius. It is his absolute honesty which makes him include even himself within the curse and the punishment. He replies by saying ââ¬Å"Sick as you are, not one is sick as I, each of you suffers in himselfâ⬠¦but my spirit Groans for the city, for myself, for youâ⬠.à (62-62) He is angry with Tireseas because he is unable to tolerate the fact thatà although the prophet says that he know who the murderer of Laius is , he refuses top give the information to the king. His rage and rashness is due to the fact that the masses are suffering and Tireseas does not provide the murdererââ¬â¢s name. Oedipus cannot but regard this as a clear manifestation of the seerââ¬â¢s disloyalty to his city. To Oedipus the discovery of truth is more important than his own good and safety. Even when it seems that the investigation that he is carrying on will not produce any result which will be him, he decides to carry on with it. He is so honest with himself that he inflicts the punishment of self-blinding and banishment from the city of Thebes. So his moral goodness also seems as a human failing that brings his ruin. There is another important human failing that contribute toward his tragedy i.e. his intellectual myopia. He has a limited vision and is unable to assess the situations in a right perspective. Robert L. Kane (1975) puts this preposition in this way; ââ¬Å"He[Oedipus] was the victim of an optical illusionâ⬠. (p. 196) The juxtaposition between ââ¬Å"outward magnificence and inward blindness of Oedipus and the outward blindness and inward sight of the prophetâ⬠(Kirkwood, p. 130) depicts two types of blindness i.e. physical and intellectual. One is related to physical sight whereas the other, the most pernicious type of blindness, pertains to insight. Tiresias is physically blind but whereas Oedipus is blind intellectually. This intellectual blindness of Oedipus also contributes greatly to lead him to his tragic destination. Oedipus possesses faultless physical vision throughout play except in the end but he remains blind to the reality regarding himself. At one point in the play, he has the ability to see but he is not willing to do so. He intellectual vision comes with his physical loss of sight but he is unable to cast away the psychological ââ¬Å"slings and arrowsâ⬠and mental sufferings that intellectual blindness has afflicted on him. So his blindness, both intellectual at the start of the play and physical at the end of the day, is the worst. Blindness interweaves with the main plot from the very start of the play when Oedipus says, ââ¬Å"I would be blind to misery not to pity my people kneeling at my feet. (14)â⬠It manifest that he refers to blindness that if h will not recognize the distress of his people. This shows his physical sight but intellectual blindness as he himself was the cause of those afflictions.à Later he acknowledges that although Tiresias is physically blind but has prophetic power when he says, ââ¬Å"Blind as you are, you can feel all the more what sickness haunts our city. (344)â⬠. Tiresias response refers to the gravity of Oedipusââ¬â¢ inability to see his future. He says, ââ¬Å"How terrible ââ¬â to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees! (359)â⬠Later on Oedipus denounces his own acknowledgement of Tiresias as a seer and abuses him by saying, ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢ve lost your power, stone-blind, stone-deaf ââ¬â senses, eyes blind as stone!(423)â⬠and ââ¬Å"Blind, lost in the night, endless night that nursed you! You canââ¬â¢t hurt me or anyone else who sees the light ââ¬â you can never touch me. (425)â⬠. It is illustrated that it is Oedipus who is blind intellectually as he is not willing to comprehend the situation and to understand the truth. In retort to his slur, Tiresias refers to worst form of blindness that Oedipus is suffering. He says, ââ¬Å"You with your precious eyes, youââ¬â¢re blind to the corruption of your life, to the house you live in, those who live with ââ¬â who are your parents? (470)â⬠and foretell, ââ¬Å"Blind who now has eyes, beggar who now is rich, he will grope his way toward a foreign soil, a stick tapping before him step by step. (517)â⬠. These supportive texts clearly manifest that Oedipus was afflicted with severe intellectual myopia as he was unable t see the truth that was pervasive all around him. Actually he was unwilling to see truth around him, prior to his physical blindness and afterwards as he blinds himself not to observe the things around him. His is the most insidious form of blindness. Oedipus can be held guilty due to another human flawââ¬âhis inability to take appropriate preventive measures. It is said that he fails to take logical steps and precaution s which would have saved him from committing the crimes. à ââ¬Å"Could not Oedipusâ⬠¦have escaped his doom if he had been more careful? Knowing that he was in danger of committing parricide and incest, would not really a prudent man have avoided quarrelling, even in self-defense and also love-relations with women older than himself?â⬠¦ real life I suppose he might. But we not entitled to blame Oedipus either for carelessness failing to compile a hand list or lack of self-control in failing to obey its injunctions.â⬠à à (Dodds, p.40) Oedipus has necessary human failings of anger and rashness. He rashly jumps into conclusions. Choragos points this out in scene II after a long speech by Creon who tries o remove the ill-fed and hastily formed suspicions of Oedipus about Creon. They say, ââ¬Å"Judgments too quickly formed are dangerousâ⬠(II, 101) But Oedipus justifies this, arguing that ruler have to take quick decision. He says later on, ââ¬Å"But is he not quick in his duplicity? / And shall I not be quick to parry him?â⬠(II, 102-103) Later at the conclusion of scene II, Creon indicates the same fault in his character by saying, ââ¬Å"Ugly in yielding, as you were ugly in rage! / Nature like yours chiefly torments themselves.â⬠(II, 151-152) It is this rashness that makes to not merely suspect Creon but accuse him and even declares that he deserves the sentence of death. The rashness can be observed in his treatment of Tireseas. Oedipus does not lack analytical thinking but his rashness does permit him to weigh up the situation rightly and he makes hasty decision. In retrospect we see that rashness of Oedipus has something to do with the murder Laius at the hands of Oedipus. The self-blinding also is an act of rashness although Oedipus tries to give several arguments in favor of it. His bad temperament is demonstrated in the squabble between Teiresias and himself, where Teiresias utter the prophetic truth and Oedipus retorts, ââ¬Å"Do you think you can say such things with impunity?â⬠and afterward attributes him as a ââ¬Å"Shameless and brainless, sightless, senseless sot!â⬠(p.36). His character is further marked with suspicion about Creon to whom he considers as a conspirator. Kirkwood is of the view that ââ¬Å"The Creon he [Oedipus] is battling is a figment of his imaginationâ⬠(Kirkwood, 1958. p. 132) and nothing else. He says with reference his tà ªte-à -tà ªte with Tiresaeas, ââ¬Å"Creon! Was this trick his, then, if not yours?â⬠So here his imagination works together with anger and rashness. All the above-mentioned manifestations of tragic flaw, their supported arguments and views of the critics clearly proves the thesis that Oedipus unavoidable ignorance was the major factor of his tragedy because he was unable to locate that the man whom he assaulted on the crossroads to Thebes was his father. Secondly, if he would not have been occupied by his aspirations, he would have possibly explored the horror of his deed and could have avoided the additional tricky situations by not marrying his mother. Thirdly, his ââ¬Å"conscious and intentionalâ⬠act includes his decision to ââ¬Å"bring what is dark to lightâ⬠(133). Furthermore, as result to revelation of Tireseas, he charges Creon with conspiracy and murder and denounces Tireases as an accessory. Although these actions were intentional and bring Oedipus to tragic end but have a clear background that illustrate that these actions were not ââ¬Å"deliberateâ⬠. Fourthly, all these errors originate from a hasty and obstinate temperament, unjustified anger and excessive pride that compel him to an energized inquisitiveness. With the development of the plot, all these ascriptions of his character jumps back with amplified force on his head that finally culminates at his tragedy. Knox (1957) sums up in this way; ââ¬Å"the actions of Oedipus that produce the catastrophe stem from all sides of his character; no one particular action is more essential than any other; they are all essential and they involve not any one trait of character which might be designated a hamartia but the character of Oedipus as a wholeâ⬠(31). Here I want to point out that all these human failings were not innate or inborn but he developed these as his habitual formations. It was inculcated in his spirit so that it became a part of his natural disposition. If it were innate then he could not be blamed for his downfall. It was human failings rather than the destiny that brought his tragedy. So Sophocles has successfully put across that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy due to his own human failings. References Bloom, Harold. Sophoclesââ¬â¢ Oedipus Rex. : New York : Chelsea House Publishers. 1988. Butcher, S.H. Aritotleââ¬â¢s theory of Poetry and Fine Arts. Hell and Wang: New York. 1961. Dodds, E. R. On Misunderstanding the Oedipus. Greece Rome. Vo. 13. No. 1. (Apr. 1966). Pp. 37-49. Cook, Albert Spaulding. Oedipus Rex, a mirror for Greek drama. Prospect Heights, Ill. : Waveland Press.1982. Gould, Thomas. Greek tragedy. Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press. 1977. Gould, Thomas. Oedipus the King: A Translation with Commentary. Englewood Cliffs. 1970. Kane, Robert L. Prophecy and Perception in the Oedipus Rex. Transaction of the American Philological Association. Vol. 105 (1975). pp. 189-208. Kirkwood, G.M. A study of Sophoclean drama. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. 1958. Knox, Bernard. Oedipus at Thebes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957. Knox, Bernard. Introduction to The Three Theban Plays. New York London: Penguin Books,1984. Oââ¬â¢ Brien, John M. Twentieth century interpretations of Oedipus Rex; a collection of critical essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. 1968 [1] Moral flaw, habitual formations, behavioral defect etc. [2] in any other context, pride in oneââ¬â¢s intelligence cannot not a human weakness but course of the play depicts clearly that in Oedipus the King it was a human weakness. How to cite Oedipus the King: A Theme Analysis, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Changes In Pop Art Essay Example For Students
Changes In Pop Art Essay Pop art was a 20th century art movement that utilized consumerism and popular culture. Andy Warhol, for example, changed the imagery of everyday objects, as well as entertainment figures, through distorted shapes, sizes, and bold colors. As the decades passed, the style of pop art slightly changed as well. Later artists, such as Tom Wesselmann and Allen Jones presented their subject matter in a more shocking perspective. Women, and more specifically their bodies, were often the target of graphic manipulation. This sexual presentation was seen as pleasurable entertainment for male viewers, as much past artworks often did. This paper will attempt to explain the changes made during the pop art movement, in addition to the specific roles women played in pop art. First, we must discuss what is pop art? Pop art, as defined by the Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, is a movement that emerged at the end of the 1950s as a reaction against the seriousness of abstract expressionism. Encyclopedia. com The term Pop stands for popular art or even for pop bottle art, depending on the frequency with which such everyday objects appeared. The movement as a whole originated in England in the fifties and then naturally spread to the United States. This movement resulted as images were made popular through mass-media advertising and comic strips, and other everyday objects, such as pop bottles, beer cans, and other supermarket products. The images were then presented in bizarre combinations, distortions, or exaggerations in size. The original human-made object is always kept in its true form in some way. Art Fundamentals, 305 The introduction of American Pop art resulted in a major reaction against abstract expressionism, which had dominated painting in the United States during the later 1940s and 1950s. During the later 1950s, there were many indications that American painting would return to a new kind of figuration. Pop art brought art back to the material realization of everyday life, to popular culture in which ordinary people derived most of their visual language in what perceived to be the real world of shopping, movie stars, and car advertisements. The term pop art was first used by Lawrence Alloway, a well-known critic of the art period. He used the term to describe those paintings that celebrated post-war consumerism and defied the psychology of Abstract Expressionism. This was thought of as an art that gave off a natural appeal to American artists, living in the midst of an industrial and commercial environment. Thus, the result was a more bold and aggressive display of art and advertising. While many artists duplicated beer bottles, soup cans, and comic strips in their artworks, other artists incorporated these objects in their actual artworks. In both cases of artworks, however, pop artists stressed new and store-bought in a shocking light, symbolizing their interpretations of the changes that took place in America during that time. Their vulger interpretations, which appeared in advertising, supermarkets, and television, explains why the pop art movement had such a large impact on commercial, graphic, and fashion design. Russell, 54 The myths of everyday life which has surfaced in consumer culture, especially in mass media, express the belief in progress, but also a fear of disaster. During the peak of pop art, there were a series of crucial events that took place. For example, the Vietnam War, the assassination of John F. Kennedy, racial riots breaking out in cities everywhere, and addictions to sex, drugs, and rock n roll, are just a few major events that were occurring during this same time period. Osterwold, 11 Thus it is not surprising that the world of pop art emerged. Pop art was seen as a way to stand for the dreams, traumas, luxury, and poverty of the times. Pop art was just one way for people to recognize the good of the nation, and the need to support the consumer world. Art Of Theatre EssayOne particular pop artist, Andy Warhol, was often recognized as the father of pop art. Warhol first introduced his own illusionary world of pop art to the public with his interpretation of the Campbells soup can. Never before has such an everyday object like a soup can been viewed as a work of art. This was a perfect example of how advertisements were not only seen as pleasing to the eye, but also played a large role in the advertising world. Warhols 100 Cans beats a repetitive visual tattoo whose power derives from the insistence of similar commercial imagery in the daily lives of the public. Ocvirk, 305 Like most things often do change, pop art also began to change, taking on a whole new creative perspective. Images of women began appearing more frequently in pop art. These new images portrayed women in a sexual manner the way that past societies have often depicted women, or the way they envisioned their women to look and behave. This new imagery of women was again displayed through Warhols artwork. His series of Marilyns became not surprisingly popular after her death in 1962. The Twenty-Five Marilyns is a perfect representation of this new representational style of women. As pop art developed more, so did the types of subject matter that became associated with pop art. The mid-1960s introduced artists such as Allen Jones who steered away from everyday objects as his focus of subject matter. He was notorious for outraging feminists, as his subject matter depicted women in scenes of bondage and subjugation. Packer This new representation of women in pop art was shocking to the public eye. In past art styles, womens bodies were often positioned in a way that was pleasing to the male viewer.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)